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"Time-Delay Interferometry"

Massimo Tinto and Sanjeev V. Dhurandhar

	Abstract
1	Introduction
2	Physical and Historical Motivations of TDI
3	Time-Delay Interferometry
4	Algebraic Approach for Canceling Laser and Optical Bench Noises
	4.1	Cancellation of laser phase noise
	4.2	Cancellation of laser phase noise in the unequal-arm interferometer
	4.3	The module of syzygies
	4.4	Gröbner basis
	4.5	Generating set for the module of syzygies
	4.6	Canceling optical bench motion noise
	4.7	Physical interpretation of the TDI combinations
5	Time-Delay Interferometry with Moving Spacecraft
	5.1	The unequal-arm Michelson
	5.2	The Sagnac combinations
	5.3	Algebraic approach to second-generation TDI
	5.4	Solutions with one arm nonfunctional
6	Optimal LISA Sensitivity
	6.1	General application
	6.2	Optimization of SNR for binaries with known direction but with unknown orientation of the orbital plane
7	Experimental Aspects of TDI
	7.1	Time-delays accuracies
	7.2	Clocks synchronization
	7.3	Clocks timing jitter
	7.4	Sampling reconstruction algorithm
	7.5	Data digitization and bit-accuracy requirement
8	Concluding Remarks
	Acknowledgement
A	Generators of the Module of Syzygies
B	Conversion between Generating Sets
	References
	Footnotes
	Updates
	Figures

1		It should be noticed that the optical bench design shown in Figure 4 * is one the earlier ones proposed for the LISA mission, and it represents one of the possible configurations for integrating the onboard drag-free system with the TDI measurements. Although other optical bench designs will result into different inter-proof-mass phase measurements, they can be accommodated within TDI [37 ].
2		A module is an Abelian group over a ring as contrasted with a vector space which is an Abelian group over a field. The scalars form a ring and just like in a vector space, scalar multiplication is defined. However, in a ring the multiplicative inverses do not exist in general for the elements, which makes all the difference!