Figure 9

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"The Hubble Constant"

Neal Jackson

	Abstract
1	Introduction
	1.1	A brief history
	1.2	A little cosmology
2	One-Step Distance Methods
	2.1	Megamaser cosmology
	2.2	Gravitational lenses
	2.3	The Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect
	2.4	Gamma-ray propagation
3	Local Distance Ladder
	3.1	Preliminary remarks
	3.2	Basic principle
	3.3	Problems and comments
4	The CMB and Cosmological Estimates of the Distance Scale
	4.1	The physics of the anisotropy spectrum and its implications
	4.2	Degeneracies and implications for H₀
5	Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
	Footnotes
	Updates
	Figures
	Tables

Figure 9: The allowed range of the parameters $H0$ , $Ωm$ , from the 2013 Planck data, is shown as a series of points. A flat Universe is assumed, together with information from the Planck fluctuation temperature spectrum, CMB lensing information from Planck, and WMAP polarization observations. The colour coding reflects different values of $ns$ , the spectral index of scalar perturbations as a function of spatial scale at early times. Image reproduced with permission from [2], copyright by ESO.