Vol. 15 (2012) > lrr-2012-5

doi: 10.12942/lrr-2012-5
Living Rev. Relativity 15 (2012), 5

Quantum Measurement Theory in Gravitational-Wave Detectors

1 School of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley 6009, Australia and Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
2 Faculty of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia

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Article Abstract

The fast progress in improving the sensitivity of the gravitational-wave detectors, we all have witnessed in the recent years, has propelled the scientific community to the point at which quantum behavior of such immense measurement devices as kilometer-long interferometers starts to matter. The time when their sensitivity will be mainly limited by the quantum noise of light is around the corner, and finding ways to reduce it will become a necessity. Therefore, the primary goal we pursued in this review was to familiarize a broad spectrum of readers with the theory of quantum measurements in the very form it finds application in the area of gravitational-wave detection. We focus on how quantum noise arises in gravitational-wave interferometers and what limitations it imposes on the achievable sensitivity. We start from the very basic concepts and gradually advance to the general linear quantum measurement theory and its application to the calculation of quantum noise in the contemporary and planned interferometric detectors of gravitational radiation of the first and second generation. Special attention is paid to the concept of the Standard Quantum Limit and the methods of its surmounting.

Keywords: quantum speed meter, optical rigidity, filter cavities, quantum measurement theory, quantum non-demolition measurement, squeezed light, standard quantum limit, back-action evasion, quantum noise, gravitational-wave detectors

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Since a Living Reviews in Relativity article may evolve over time, please cite the access <date>, which uniquely identifies the version of the article you are referring to:

Stefan L. Danilishin and Farid Ya. Khalili,
"Quantum Measurement Theory in Gravitational-Wave Detectors",
Living Rev. Relativity 15,  (2012),  5. URL (cited on <date>):
http://www.livingreviews.org/lrr-2012-5

Article History

ORIGINAL http://www.livingreviews.org/lrr-2012-5
Title Quantum Measurement Theory in Gravitational-Wave Detectors
Author Stefan L. Danilishin / Farid Ya. Khalili
Date accepted 2 March 2012, published 26 April 2012
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