There is still much work to be done toward the goal of self-consistent, 3D general relativistic collapse simulations. The most rapidly rotating progenitors (with possibly the strongest GW signals) may be produced only in specific binary systems [95, 84, 265]. If the GW signal is dominated by convection, then it is critical that scientists actually understand the true supernova mechanism. Accurate progenitor modelling and collapse simulations must include the effects of magnetic fields, as they can significantly alter the amount of angular momentum and differential rotation present in collapsing stars. Many of the more advanced studies, which include proper microphysics treatment and/or general relativistic effects, have been limited to axisymmetry. Full 3D simulations are necessary to compute the characteristics of the GW emission from non-axisymmetric collapse phenomena. Furthermore, simulations that follow both the collapse and the evolution of the collapsed remnant are necessary to consistently predict GW emission. One benefit of long duration simulations is that they will facilitate the investigation of the effects of the envelope on any instabilities that develop in the collapsing core or remnant. Of course, lengthy 3D simulations are computationally intensive. This burden may be reduced by the use of advanced numerical techniques, including adaptive mesh refinement and parallel algorithms.
The current numerical simulations of gravitational collapse indicate that interferometric observatories
could detect GWs emitted by some collapse phenomena. LIGO-I may be able to detect GWs from secular
bar-mode instabilities in core collapse SNe [146] and magnetized tori surrounding black hole collapse
remnants [251]. LIGO-II could observe GWs from dynamical bar-mode instabilities in AIC [155] and core
collapse SNe [86]. LISA should be able to detect the collapse (and any bar-mode instabilities that develop
during the collapse) of SMSs [16] and the ringdown of black hole remnants of collapsed Population III
stars [86] and SMSs [208]. These observations will provide unique information about gravitational collapse,
the supernova and gamma-ray burst explosion mechanisms, and their associated progenitors and
remnants.
![]() |
http://www.livingreviews.org/lrr-2003-2 |
© Max Planck Society and the author(s)
Problems/comments to |