6.3 GW emission mechanisms
The GW emission mechanisms related to the collapse of SMSs are a subset of those discussed in the
sections on AIC, SNe/collapsars, and Population III stellar collapse. These include (i) aspherical collapse,
(ii) global rotational and fragmentation instabilities that may arise during the collapse/explosion and in the
collapsed remnant (prior to black hole formation), and (iii) the “ring-down” of the remnant black
hole.